Discover 4 Layers of Crypto Investing Opportunities

By Kirsteen Mackay

Jul 04, 2025

4 min read

Explore the four layers of crypto investing, from pure plays like Bitcoin to companies shaping the future of blockchain infrastructure and adoption.

Visualized_ The Map of Crypto Investing Opportunities_ Infographic

#Understanding the Four Orders of Crypto Investing

When retail investors think of crypto investing, it’s natural to think of Bitcoin and Ethereum - perhaps Coinbase Global Inc (NASDAQ:COIN) or Robinhood Markets Inc (NASDAQ:HOOD). But digital asset investing runs far beyond coins and exchanges. A broader look reveals four distinct layers of crypto exposure, each with its own risk profile, market role, and investment rationale.

This layered approach helps investors think strategically about how to participate in the space beyond chasing price charts or meme tokens. Each layer expands the opportunity set and allows investors to match exposure with their risk appetite and investing style.

#Why Crypto Investing Is Important for Retail Investors

  • Crypto is evolving into an asset class with growing institutional support, ETF offerings, and use cases.

  • Different companies serve different roles in the crypto economy, offering both pure and diversified investment opportunities.

  • Infrastructure and tooling firms benefit even during bear markets, offering steadier exposure than coins or miners.

  • Crypto’s influence reaches into AI, fintech, cybersecurity, and data, creating second- and third-order benefits across sectors.

  • Retail investors can choose exposure levels, from speculative plays to companies gaining from crypto’s broader adoption.

#First-Order: High-Risk, High-Reward Direct Plays

First-order crypto investments are those with direct exposure to the digital asset market. These include:

CategoriesPublicPrivate
Cryptocurrencies
  • Bitcoin (BTC)

  • Ethereum (ETH)

  • Ripple (XRP)

Exchanges
  • Coinbase Global (NASDAQ: COIN)

  • Robinhood Markets (NASDAQ: HOOD)

  • CME Group (NASDAQ: CME)

  • Binance

  • Kraken

  • Gemini

Miners
  • Marathon Digital Holdings (NASDAQ: MARA)

  • Riot Platforms, Inc. (NASDAQ: RIOT)

  • Hut 8 Mining Corp (NASDAQ/TSX: HUT)

  • Bitmain Technologies,

  • MicroBT

  • Bitfury Group

Wallets/Custodians
  • Block, Inc. (NYSE: SQ)

  • Coinbase Global (NASDAQ: COIN)

  • PayPal Holdings (NASDAQ: PYPL)

  • Ledger

  • Trezor (SatoshiLabs)

  • MetaMask (Consensys)

Stablecoin issuers
  • Circle Internet Group Inc (NYSE: CRCL)

  • Coinbase Global (NASDAQ: COIN)

  • PayPal Holdings (NASDAQ: PYPL)

  • Tether Holdings Ltd.

  • Paxos Trust Company

Staking services
  • Coinbase Global (NASDAQ: COIN)

  • Ether Capital (OTC: DTSRF)

  • Bit Digital, Inc. (NASDAQ: BTBT)

  • Lido DAO (decentralized, can’t IPO)

  • Figment

  • Anchorage Digital

Investors in this group are betting directly on crypto adoption and price movement. The upside can be large, but the volatility is real.

#Second-Order: Infrastructure and Ecosystem Builders

Second-order players don’t rely solely on crypto prices but gain from the ecosystem’s expansion.

CategoriesPublicPrivate
Big Tech Cloud Services & Blockchain Developers
  • Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT)

  • Amazon.com (AWS) (NASDAQ: AMZN)

  • Alphabet (Google) (NASDAQ: GOOGL)

  • ConsenSys

  • Alchemy

  • QuickNode

Semiconductors
  • Nvidia Corporation (NASDAQ: NVDA)

  • Advanced Micro Devices (NASDAQ: AMD)

  • Canaan Inc. (NASDAQ: CAN)

  • Bitmain Technologies

  • MicroBT

Data centers
  • HIVE Digital Technologies (NASDAQ: HIVE)

  • Northern Data AG (FRA: NB2)

  • CoreWeave

  • Foundry (DCG subsidiary)

  • Blockstream

Payment integrators
  • Block, Inc. (NYSE: SQ)

  • PayPal Holdings (NASDAQ: PYPL)

  • Visa Inc. (NYSE: V)

  • Stripe, Inc.

  • MoonPay

  • BitPay

Smart contract platforms
  • Alphabet (Google) (NASDAQ: GOOGL)

  • IBM (NYSE: IBM)

  • Oracle Corporation (NYSE: ORCL)

  • Chainlink

  • Ava Labs

  • Solana Labs

Custodial services
  • Coinbase Global (NASDAQ: COIN)

  • Bank of New York Mellon (NYSE: BK)

  • Anchorage

  • Fireblocks

  • BitGo, Inc.

These firms offer diversified exposure while still riding blockchain’s tailwinds. They are well-positioned even if crypto prices lag.

#Third-Order: Financial Alignment Without Full Exposure

Third-order companies are not crypto-first but have strategic or financial exposure:

CategoriesPublicPrivate
Companies with crypto on the balance sheet
  • Strategy Inc. (NASDAQ: MSTR)

  • Tesla, Inc. (NASDAQ: TSLA)

  • Block, Inc. (NYSE: SQ)

  • Tether Holdings Ltd., Stone Ridge Holdings Group

Banks & asset managers with crypto products
  • BlackRock Inc. (NYSE: BLK)

  • JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM)

  • Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS)

  • Fidelity Investments

  • Grayscale Investments (DCG)

  • Pantera Capital

VCs with crypto exposure
  • Galaxy Digital Holdings (TSX: GLXY)

  • Coinbase Ventures (via Coinbase Global, NASDAQ: COIN)

  • Andreessen Horowitz (a16z) Crypto

  • Pantera Capital

  • Paradigm

Media & data
  • Thomson Reuters (NYSE: TRI)

  • Nasdaq, Inc. (NASDAQ: NDAQ)

  • Bloomberg L.P.

  • CoinDesk

  • Cointelegraph,

  • Messari

Legal & compliance firms
  • Mastercard Inc. (NYSE: MA)

  • Experian plc (LON: EXPN)

  • Nice Ltd. (NASDAQ: NICE)

  • Chainalysis Inc.

  • Elliptic

  • Enterprises

  • TRM Labs

These investments provide a bridge between traditional finance and the digital asset world. They benefit from crypto’s rise without relying on its day-to-day volatility.

#Fourth-Order: Beneficiaries of Broader Crypto Themes

Fourth-order exposure captures the ripple effects of crypto adoption through AI, decentralization, and digital ownership:

CategoriesPublicPrivate
AI/blockchain convergence
  • Palantir Technologies (NYSE: PLTR)

  • NVIDIA Corporation (NASDAQ: NVDA)

  • IBM (NYSE: IBM)

  • SingularityNET (Singularity DAO)

  • Space and Time

Cybersecurity
  • CrowdStrike Holdings (NASDAQ: CRWD)

  • Palo Alto Networks (NASDAQ: PANW)

  • Zscaler, Inc. (NASDAQ: ZS)

  • CertiK, Halborn

  • Immunefi

  • Chainalysis

Metaverse/NFT platforms
  • Meta Platforms (NASDAQ: META)

  • Roblox Corporation (NYSE: RBLX)

  • Unity Software (NYSE: U)

  • Epic Games

  • Animoca Brands

  • OpenSea

IoT/Edge computing
  • Cloudflare, Inc. (NYSE: NET)

  • Fastly, Inc. (NYSE: FSLY)

  • Verizon Communications (NYSE: VZ)

  • Nova Labs (Helium)

  • IOTA Foundation

Regulatory/Legal tech
  • Accenture plc (NYSE: ACN)

  • RELX plc (LSE: REL)

  • Deloitte

  • Clause (DocuSign CLM)

  • Kaleido

Social platforms exploring tokenization
  • Meta Platforms (NASDAQ: META)

  • Reddit, Inc. (NYSE: RDDT)

  • Lens Protocol (Aave Companies)

  • OP3N

These companies stand to gain from crypto’s broader influence, even if they never touch a coin.

#FAQs

What is the best way to gain diversified exposure to crypto?

Look beyond coins. Consider firms that offer infrastructure, custody, payments, or blockchain services. ETFs with blended holdings may also help.

Are crypto mining stocks still a good investment?

They can offer leverage to Bitcoin’s price, but they’re capital-intensive and highly volatile. Risk tolerance should guide your approach.

How do I know which order of crypto investing fits me?

Match it to your risk appetite. First-order is highest risk. Second and third offer more stability. Fourth is the broadest and most indirect.

What role do stablecoins play in the ecosystem?

Stablecoins facilitate trading, payments, and DeFi. They are essential to liquidity and act as a bridge between fiat and digital assets. Learn more at Stablecoins Go Mainstream: What Investors Should Know.

Can AI and crypto overlap be investable?

Yes. Companies like NVIDIA Corporation (NASDAQ:NVDA) and IBM Common Stock (NYSE:IBM) work across both spaces. If tokenized compute or AI marketplaces scale, these firms may benefit.

Important Notice And Disclaimer

This article does not provide any financial advice and is not a recommendation to deal in any securities or product. Investments may fall in value and an investor may lose some or all of their investment. Past performance is not an indicator of future performance.